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41.
Background
The international recruitment and migration of health workers has long been debated in the health policy literature. This study assesses to what extent the ethics of international recruitment are targeted in existing public health peer-reviewed literature, with a focus on concepts and in-depth consideration within articles. It further critically discusses hidden implications of this discourse regarding equity-creating health policy.Methods
We conducted a qualitative scoping literature review searching the databases PubMed and Web of Science. Articles were assessed for quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist for qualitative research. Drawing on a thematic analysis approach, common themes across the sample were identified, coded and analyzed.Results
A total of 17 articles were included in the analysis after searches and quality appraisal. These articles predominantly targeted nursing professions and physicians, and were written mainly by authors working in the Global North. Thematic analysis revealed that ethics are generally discussed in connection with overviews regarding the situation of health systems as well as regarding inequities between countries. Their focus lies more on migration between countries than between regions within a country. Proposed solutions are usually of an economic nature and range from global financial equalization between countries to national improvements in working conditions. Creative evaluation schemes for these solutions are rarely discussed in depth. Overall, the academic ethics discussion focuses predominantly on the health systems level, and views migration of health workers as problematic.Conclusions
Our results suggest that academic research operates and aims to inform policy within the current system, without necessarily proposing fundamental changes to the status quo. Thus, an ethics discourse of health workforce recruitment may serve to increase awareness of inequalities without supporting radical change. Further research into intersectional aspects of health worker migration, including gender and ethnicity, may be useful for the discussion on inequities.42.
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正日前,丹佛斯推出了210/250cm3排量的柱塞泵,完善了H1家族柱塞泵和弯轴马达的产品型谱。截止目前,丹佛斯柱塞泵拥有覆盖45~250 cm3的14个排量序列,以及弯轴柱塞马达横跨60~250 cm3的5个排量序列。高效率弥补发动机低转速在当今严格的排放和安全法规要求下,H1系列的泵和马达采用紧凑和轻量化的设计理念,能够给系统设计提供较大的灵活性。更高的运行效率可补偿为顺应新的排放法规而降低的发动机转速。拥有专利技术的集成式速度限制器(ISL)作为泵的一个高级功能模块,可以改善车辆制动性能,并消除发动机超速风险。 相似文献
45.
Sustainable intensification (SI) has been proposed as a solution to meeting the challenge of feeding a growing global population under increasing land pressure. This paper explores the level of ambivalence felt towards SI and towards experts promoting SI based solutions to meet food security. A web-based experiment was conducted with 600 respondents who had varying degrees of knowledge about food security issues. We found a diversity of public ambivalence towards sustainable intensification and a high level of felt ambivalence towards experts promoting SI as a solution to global food security. High levels of ambivalence towards experts seemed to influence how messages on global food security were accepted. Moreover, within the respondents here sustainable consumption and greater equity ranked higher than production based sustainable intensification solutions. This paper represents the first application of the psychological construct of ambivalence applied to the topic of sustainable intensification and we argue this helps to localise the debate around SI as it offers the opportunity to capture or disentangle responses towards food security issues. 相似文献
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Past work on creating robots that can make convincing emotional expressions has concentrated on the quality of those expressions, and on assessing people’s ability to recognize them in neutral contexts, without any strong emotional valence. It would be interesting to find out whether observers’ judgments of the facial cues of a robot would be affected by a surrounding emotional context. This paper takes its inspiration from the contextual effects found on our interpretation of the expressions on human faces and computer avatars, and looks at the extent to which they also apply to the interpretation of the facial expressions of a mechanical robot head. The kinds of contexts that affect the recognition of robot emotional expressions, the circumstances under which such contextual effects occur, and the relationship between emotions and the surrounding situation, are observed and analyzed. Design implications for believable emotional robots are drawn. 相似文献
48.
Amanda Alonso Xavier Muñoz‐Berbel Núria Vigués Rosalía Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Jorge Macanás Maria Muñoz Jordi Mas Dmitri N. Muraviev 《Advanced functional materials》2013,23(19):2450-2458
Cation exchange polymeric matrices are widely used in water treatment protocols to reduce the mineral content of hard waters, even for human consumption. However, they are not antibacterial and flowing bacteria can be trapped in their structures and proliferate, thus acting as microbial contamination sources. Here, Ag@Co‐nanoparticles (Ag@Co‐NPs) with a low‐cost superparamagnetic Co0‐core and an antibacterial Ag‐shell are synthesized on granulated cation exchange polymeric matrices under soft reaction conditions. The presence of these NPs provides the final nanocomposite (NC) with additional functionalities (superparamagnetism and antibacterial activity) making it ideal for water purification applications. Ag@Co‐NPs are synthesized in situ on four cation exchange polymeric matrices containing either strong (sulfonic) or weak (carboxylic) acid functional groups homogeneously distributed (C‐type) or concentrated on an external shell (SST‐type) by the intermatrix synthesis (IMS) method. The NCs are characterized (metal content, NP size and distribution, metal oxidative state, and metal release) and evaluated for water purification applications. 相似文献
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50.
Amanda Siwik Erica Pensini Braulio Macias Rodriguez Alejandro G. Marangoni Christopher M. Collier Brent Sleep 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2020,137(11):48465
This study investigated the potential effect of shear rheology and humic acids (HA) on the subsurface transport of polymeric fluids used for the remediation of contaminants. Polymeric fluids were prepared with guar, scleroglucan, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Guar fluids can be used to suspend reactive particles for contaminant degradation. Fluids prepared with 2.5 g/L of guar in water were viscous, and the crosslinker borax (1 g/L) made them viscoelastic. Microfluidics experiments showed that the increase in elasticity blocked the flow of guar in 350 μm channels. Guar, CMC, or scleroglucan fluids containing sodium thiosulfate can be used to trap toxic Cr(VI) in the subsurface and reduce it to harmless Cr(III). Trapping of Cr(VI) is achieved by the gelation of the fluids upon contact with chromium. Before mixing with chromium, HA did not affect the flow of CMC, guar, and scleroglucan in microfluidic channels. Quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring experiments indicates that HA reduced sorption of guar onto silica, potentially promoting the transport of guar fluids in sandy aquifers. While HA slightly decreased the rate of gelation of CMC and scleroglucan upon contact with chromium, it did not affect the fast gelation rate of guar. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48465. 相似文献